Pain Code Category "E"

The above is the USDA description as it appears on the Annual Report of Research Facilities. OSU simply states "Pain and Distress without Relief"

In 2007 OSU reported the following animals used in Category E protocols in the required USDA Annual Report. Rats and Mice are not reportable animals to USDA.

Voles (41) receive LPS (lipopolysaccharides) injections which can induce sickness behaviors. Treating the animals would jeopardize the outcome of the study. See below protocol 2007A0182.

Deer Mice (20) are used in wound healing studies. This is a stress study where the mice undergo a punch biopsy and then are restrained in a plexiglass tube for up to 3 hours per day for no more than 21 days.

Guinea Pigs ( 25) are used in a restraint stress studies. Stress is accomplished by ":wrapping guinea pigs and leaving them in restrined position (2 hours) on metal board; other animals are subject to cold stress by placing in plastic tank filled with water in cold room ( 4 C) for 10 minutes. All animals are euthanized after the stress procedure."

Year & Protocol	Protocol Title	Principal Investigator	Species Approved for Use	Comments
2007A0210 02A0136	Testing of Novel Chemotherapeutic Agents in Transgenic Mouse Models of B-call Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	John C Byrd	Hundreds of transgenic mice have been used for this study - click for figures	Death as an endpoint
2007A0196	Novel Thiazolidine Analogs as Anticancer Agents	James T Dalton	1,800 mice will be used in 3E drug study	LD10 study - death as an endpoint
2004A0137	Inhibition of Breast Cancer Metastases in Mice	Caly B. Marsh	an amendment to use 80 mice with restraint changed pain code to 2E - 6/07	restraint
2007A0193	Effects of Neonicotinoids on Brain Development	Rene Anand	25 pregnant rats w/progeny killed at birth	stress
2007A0192	Nicotine Dependence and Modulation of Synapse Maturation	Rene Anand	1,191 mice w/40 breeders w/720 progeny w/648 used & the rest killed	restraint
2007A0182	Photoperiodic effects on avoidance behavior	Randy Nelson	42 Meadow voles	injected with a pathogen causing sickness that is not relieved.
2007A0098 2001A0080	Substrates of Behavioral Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury	Michele D. Basso	570 mice - 4E	spinal cord injury via impactor - recovery
2007A0096	Enviromental Effects on Brain	A. Courtney DeVries	3,300 hamsters (w/progeny) - 3E	Whether season of birth leaves an enduring "imprint" on adult responses to cardiac arrest - restraint
2007A0057-2004A0057	In Vivo Test Systems to Study Pathogenesis & Therapy of Inhalational Bacterial Pathogens	Andrew L Phipps	424 mice - 2E	Death as an End Point and Restraint study with inhalation anthrax
2007A0049	Analysis of Host Response to Fracisella novicida Infection	Susheela Tridandapani	2,640 mice - 2E	Death as an End Point to study the bacteria which causes tularemia.
2007A0024	Mouse Model of Autism	Bennet S. Givens	124 mice - 3E	maternal stress
2007A0005 2004A0022	Behavioral and Cellular Mechanisms of Stress and Age-Induced Immunomodulation	John Sheridan	2007 adds 5,264 mice - 3E 2004-3,180 mice	Animals are in restraint tubes and subjected to paired fighting. 2007-restraint is for twelve (12) hrs.
2007A0004	Impact Stress on Innate Immunity to Microbial Infections	Michael Bailey	3,456 mice - 3E additional 540 mice 5/07	social disruption, restraint stress, sensory contact social stress
2006A0266 2003A0186	Pathogenic Mechanisms & Immune Responses in Ehrlichial Diseases	Yasuko Rikihisa	669 mice - 3E	restraint
2006A0225	Tubulin-Destabilizing Bis-Indoles for Advanced Prostate Cancer	James T. Dalton	1,095 mice - 3E additional 210 mice 8/07	toxicity of new drugs - LD10
2006A0218	Mechanisms of Sepsis-Induced Organ Injury during Zinc Deficiency	Elliott D Crouser	410 mice - 4E	pain is not relieved
2006A0210 2004A0151 - 98A0114	Cytokine Therapy Of Experimental Tumors	William E. Carson III	for 2006 - 1,940 var. mice species w/44 transgenic breeders producing 944 progeny w/900 used and the rest killed. 4,363 mice	4E
2006A0209	Role of DLK1 in Muscle Wound Healing	Kichoon Lee	50 mice - 3E	muscle injury induced by the cardiotoxin injections will produce pain
2006A0145 2000A0097 1994A0117 1986A0147	Pathogenesis & Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis	Caroline Whitarce	for 0145 mice-pigs for 0097 - 8,826 Mice for 0117 - 4,000 Mice	EAE model "It is undeniable that the animals involved suffer considerably."
2006A0115 2003A0097	Stress, Infection and Antioxidant Systems	Samson T. Jacob	for 2006 adds 1,280 mice for 03 -300 Mice	exposure to virus and restraint
2006A0114 2003A0077	An Oral Vaccine Against Multiple Biologic Agents	John S Gunn	for 2006 adds 4,500 mice for 03 - 320 Mice & 220 Guinea Pigs	LD50 Test - Death as an Endpoint
2006A0097 2003A0073	Samonella Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance	John S Gunn	for 2006 adds 60 rats & 4,500 mice for 03 - 750 Mice	LD50 Test - Death as an Endpoint
2006A0083 2003A0059	Sociobiological Influences on Recovery from Cardiac Arrest	A. Courtney DeVries	for 0083 - 1,496 mice - breeding 393(m)393(f) w/3,144 progeny using 1,144 rest killed for 0059 - 765 C57/BL Mice	4E
2006A0082	Sociological Factors in Experimental Stroke Outcome.	Courtney DeVries	240 mice breeding 720(m)/720(f) w/5,780 progeny using 2,768 rest killed	4E
2006A0073 2000A0045	Autonomic, Spinal & Supraspinal Transmitter Changes Associated with Chronic Pain	Robert L Stephens	2006 adds 652 mice amendment Oct 2003 adds 696 rats amendment Sept. 02 adds 350 rats 2000 approved to use 640 rats	Related to 02A0124
2006A0045 2003A0004	Novel Irreversible Nonsteroidal SARMs for Prostate Cancer	James T Dalton	for 0045 - 1,920 mice for 0004 - 1,920 Mice	LD10 - death as endpoint
2006A0037 2000A0002	Quantitating Bacterial Counts & Bacterial Gene Expression in Animals	Brian MM Ahmer	1,000 mice, 60 pigs, 30 guinea pigs, 8 cows, 100 turtles, 30 rabbits & 30 chickens.	2E - LD50
2006A0030 2003A0035	Immunological Studies in Rat and Mouse Spinal Cord Injury	Philip G. Popovich	3,648 mice & 162 rats Bred mice in 0030 30(m)-30(f) 1,200 progeny w/1K used approved in 0035 - 732 Rats & 570 Mice	5E
2005A0209	Mammalogy (EEOB 625)	John D Harder	mice - 3E	instructional protocol using the Social disruption model
2005A0196	Mouse Models for Hematological Malignancies	Christoph Plass	542 mice	3E - mice killed once they develop severe symptoms of leukemia
2005A0194	Intraperitoneal & Intranasal Mouse Infection Models for Streptococcus Pyogenes	Vijay Panchdi	240 mice	3E - LD50 & death as endpoint
2005A0176	Tumor Necrosis Factor & Alcoholic Liver Disease	Craig J McClain	232 mice	2E
2005A0174	Ion Channel Targeting in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)	Chen Gu	300 mice	2E - methods to produce paraplegia & quadriplegia mice
2005A0155	Importance of Mcramp in Outcome of Leishmania & Trypansoma Infections	Bradford S McGwire	122 mice 30 additional mice	3E - death as an endpoint study
2005A0063	Transcriptional Regulation of the Inflammatory Phase of Wound Healing	David A. Padgett	2,904 mice	3E - restraint stress
2005A0045	T Cell Responses in Tumor Bearing Mice & Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis	Xue-Feng Bai	600 C57BL/6 mice 1,560 BALB/c mice transgenic mice used = 508 breeders w/11,660 progeny 4,460 will be used in the experiment with 7,200 not meeting criteria and killed.	3E - mice developed EAE may not be able to move, to drink water and food due to partial paralysis.
2005A0026 99A0007 93A0002	Stress and Neurotransmitter Transporters	Marie H. Neff	3,520 mice	was 3C chged to 3E
2005A0012	Metallothionein Transgenic Mice	Robert DiSilvesto	170 mice	3E-Freund's adjuvant EAE mouse model for MS
2005A0001	Enteric Corticotropin Releasing Factor and Stress	Jackie Wood	195 Guinea Pigs add 200 Guinea Pigs 11/06	from 7E to 2E killed via stunning
2004A0188	Developmental Stress and Gene Expression in Mice	Randy Nelson	mice	2E
2004A0112	Torpor and Immune Function	Randy Nelson	40 mice	1E
2004A0108	Social Structure and Housing Influence Physiology and Behavior in Mice	A. Courtney DeVries	1,208 mice	3E
2004A0042	Drug Screening in ALS	Valerie Bergdall	1,780 mice	3E
2004A0032	Elucidation of a Potential Cooperation Between p151NK4b Downregulation and Flt3 ITD Expression in Leukemogenesis	Roger Briesewitz	120 Balb/c mice	3E - death as an endpoint
2004A0002	Stress-Related Effects on Virus-Induced Tumors	Eric V. Vang	210 mice	3E using stress with restraint. This work is being conducted in the Glaser labs.
	PROTOCOL NUMBERS	REVERSED
98A0123	Role of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Neurodegeneration	Ning Quan	6,310 Rats	Death As An Endpoint
98A0132	Age & Stress Regulate Cutaneous Wound Repair	John F Sheridan/David A Padgett/Phillip T Marucha	4,480 Mice	see 01A0039
2005A0026 - 99A0007 - 93A0002	Stress & Neurotransmitter Function	Maria H Neff	12,300 Mice	3E in 1999, now 3C in 2005 - ?
99A0090	Determination of the Maxium/Minimum Thermal Tolerances of Brown Treesnake	Thomas E Hettington	24 brown snakes	Transportation - cargo situations
00A0007	Maintenance of Prey Species	William Yonushonis	mice, rats, guppies, & goldfish	Food for prey animals
00A0044 - 94A0069	Monoclonal Antibody Protection In Mice	Yasuko Rikihisa	1,880 Mice	link to AAVS discussion MaB
00A0100	Sociobiological Factors in Experimental Stroke Outcome	A. Courtney DeVries	1,803 Mice w/1,000 mice added since project began
00A0122 - 94A0180	The Effects of Stress on Herpersvirus Latency In Vivo	Ronald Glaser	600 Mice	see 01A0039
00A0180	Evaluation of Inhalation Chemotheraphy in F344 Rats	Mark A. Morse	1,164 F344 Rats	sub-contract Battelle
01A0039 - 95A0001	Stress, Aging & Neuroendocrine-Immune Changes	John F Sheridan/David A. Padgett	4,978 Mice 1,080 Rats	This is the template experiment for all their other experiments using stress.
01A0085	Selective Cytotoxic Phospholipids for Prostate Cancer	James T. Dalton	1,440 Mice
01A0092	Targeted Liposomal Doxorubicin Delivery to Myeloid Leukemia	Robert Lee	2,340 Mice	LD10
02A0059	Influence of T Cell Immunity on the Development of Non-Malignant Skin Cancer	David A Padgett	900 Mice	see 01A0039
02A0061	Effects of PARP & Pyruvate on Immune & Brain Function	Randy J Nelson	432 Mice
02A0062	Social Effects On Wound Healing	A. Courtney DeVries	260 Siberian Hamsters
02A0068	EEOB 693 Field Studies of Mammals	John D Harder		instructional
02A0124	Neurotrophins & Chronic Pain	Kevin V Hackshaw	300 Rats, 40 Mice	Related to 00A0045
02A0130	Investigation of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies	Jiyan Ma	2,420 Mice	4E - degeneration
02A0131	Stress, Immunity & Cholinergic Systems	Gary G Berntson, Martin Sarter, John F. Sheridan, and Ning Quan	108 Rats, 500 Mice
02A0132 - 96A0121 - 90A0174	Alterations in Celluar Functions in Stress Response	Tsonwin Hai	5,100 Mice
02A0136	Testing of Novel Chemotherapeutic Agents in a Transgenic Mouse Model of B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	John C Byrd	554 Mice	Amend to use SCID (Severe Combined ImmunoDeficient) mice
02A0146	Modification of Wound Healing	A. Courtney DeVries	240 Mice
02A0170	Effects of Sildenafil Citrate on Aggression	Randy J Nelson	100 Mice
2003A0042	Immunobiology of Cancer and Inflammation	Michael Caligiuri	6,718 Mice (updated to include mice added since the initial approval)	3E
2003A0060	Multiple Organ Failure During Sepsis: The Role of Mitochondria	Elliot Crouser	135 Wild-type & 135 Transgenic Mice
2003A0074	Development of a Single Oral Vaccine Against Food-borne Pathogens	John S Gunn	300 Mice	LD50 Test - Death as an Endpoint
2003A0081	Effects of Growth Factors on Angiogenesis, Metastases and Fibrosis	Clay Marsh	404 variety of mouse types	waiting to see if 3D or 3E Appears death as an Endpoint
2003A0083	Photoperiodic Effect on Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and Aggressive Behavior in Male Siberian Hamsters	Randy J Nelson	60 Siberian Hamsters	Using intruder animal for stress
2003A0109	Effects of "Skeleton" Photoperiod on Immune Function, Social & Behavioral Sciences	Randy J Nelson	50 Siberian Hamsters
2003A0147	Evaluation of Shigella Vaccine Efficacy in Challenged A-Gal Knock Out Mouse Model	Peng George Wang	100 mice	3E for lethal dose study
2003A0185	Measles Virus Induce Immune Suppression in Cotton Rats	Stefan Niewiesk	727 Cotton Rats	3E
2003A0187	Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of T-Cell Activation and Tumor Immunity	Yang Liu	20,700 mice 120 mice added Oct 04	4E-mice suffer paralysis Includes discussion of EAE model for MS

Updated 11/12/07